Crystal Texture

Proceedings of the
2nd International Conference on Texture and Anisotropy of Polycrystals
ITAP-2
Metz, France, July 7-9, 2004

Editors: Claude Esling, Michel Humbert, Robert A. Schwarzer and Francis Wagner

Solid State Phenomena Vol. 105 (1998)
Trans Tech Publications Ltd., Switzerland

ISBN 0-87849-802-8
The abstracts and order forms can be found on http://www.scientific.net
(Klick there on Textures & Anisotropy at the bottom of the left column.)

Foreword
The Second International Conference on Texture and Anisotropy of Polycrystals, ITAP-2, was held in Metz, France, from July 7 - 9, 2004, following the intentions and guidelines of ITAP-1 in Clausthal 1997.
Interest in texture studies in materials science - both from a practical and a theoretical point of view - has many reasons. First of all, texture is one of the fundamental parameters, in addition to crystal structure, lattice defects and element composition, to characterize solid state materials since nature strongly prefers the crystalline state to the amorphous state, and textured materials to single crystals as well as to polycrystals with random distribution of grain orientations. This is true for natural matter such as minerals, rocks, soil, wood and bone in the same way as for man-made materials as for instance metals, semi-conductors, ceramics and partly crystalline polymers. It is often quite difficult, indeed, to either produce a single crystal or a completely random sample. Texture changes are indicative of solid state processes of all kind; hence texture can be utilized to advantage as a fingerprint of proper use or misuse of a work-piece in failure analysis. Texture enables the geologist to shed light on the processes of rock forming which took place in early days of the history of Earth. The knowledge of texture is a prerequisite for all quantitative techniques of materials characterization which are based on the interpretation of diffraction peak intensities such as the determination of the content of residual austenite in steel, the determination of residual stress by X-ray diffraction, and structure analysis from powder diffraction patterns. Most important, however, is texture as the link between anisotropic properties of single crystals and those of polycrystalline material.
Noticeable advancements in experimental as well as in theoretical methods of texture analysis have been made during the years since ITAP-1. It was the purpose of the second conference, now held in Metz, to provide a survey on the state of the art in texture analysis as well as to discuss some typical applications. Nearly 110 contributions have been presented during 11 parallel sessions in oral form or as posters. This proceedings volume contains 74 papers which cover almost all aspects of texture research. In a few cases the authors preferred to fuse their presentations at the conference in one comprehensive paper. The proceedings volume thus may serve as a guide to this challenging field of science.
An Honorary Colloquium on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of Hans-Joachim Bunge was celebrated on the opening day of the conference with a series of plenary lectures followed by a jolly birthday party in the evening.
When the proceedings were almost ready for print, Hans-Joachim Bunge's unexpected sudden decease has cast a shadow of deep sadness over this so successful scientific event. Hans-Joachim Bunge passed away on November 28, 2004. It was univocal consensus of the authors to dedicate this proceedings volume to him, our "Great Man" of quantitative texture analysis.

The Editors

Obituary Notice for Hans-Joachim Bunge
29 July 1929 - 28 November 2004 Prof. (em.) Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans-Joachim Bunge died untimely on November 28, 2004, at the age of 75 years from a cerebral apoplexy. He is survived by his wife Helga and his son Hans-Peter.
Hans-Joachim Bunge was born on July 29, 1929 in Zerbst, a small town situated between Magdeburg and Dessau in Eastern Germany.After having finished high-school in 1946, he was a precision mechanic apprentice. In 1947, he entered the Martin-Luther-University at Halle as a student of physics. In 1955, he received his Dr. rer. nat. degree with the Ph. D. Thesis "Magnetic Anisotropy of Cold Rolled Iron-Nickel Alloys" from the Martin Luther University at Halle. From then on his scientific interests have been centered on crystal texture. In 1964, he was awarded his Dr. habil. degree from the Humboldt University of Berlin for the Habilitation Thesis "On the Representation of Textures".
Hans-Joachim Bunge was research scientist at the Physics Department of the University of Traffic, Dresden, from 1953 - 1955 where he was investigating hard magnetic materials. From 1955 - 68 followed a fruitful period of scientific work at the Institute of Crystal Structure Research of the (East) German Academy of Sciences in Berlin, dedicated to polycrystal X-ray diffraction, texture analysis and technological applications. In 1968 he returned to Dresden to the Central Institute of Solid State Physics and Materials Research of the German Academy of Sciences, where he was engaged in texture analysis and neutron diffraction. His promising career as a scientist in East Germany came to an abrupt halt when he and his family tried, in vain, to escape from ideological persecution. They were imprisoned and kept apart from each other from 1974-75 when they were finally allowed to leave East Germany. From 1975-1976, he was DFG fellow (German Research Foundation) with Prof. Dr. Günter Wassermann in Clausthal-Zellerfeld and Prof. Dr. Rudi Wenk in Berkeley. In 1976 he succeeded Günter Wassermann as Professor and Head of the Institute of Physical Metallurgy of the Clausthal University of Technology. From 1989-91, he was Dean of the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science of this university.
After his retirement in 1997, he found a supportive new scientific home at the Institute of Physics and Physical Technology of the Clausthal University of Technology. Until his last days, he supervised with great enthusiasm a research project at the HASYLAB facilities in Hamburg, financially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), on texture analysis with hard synchrotron radiation.
Hans-Joachim Bunge has achieved an outstanding scientific work. In 1965 he managed to solve, independently with R.J. Roe, one of the greatest challenges of quantitative texture research - the pole figure inversion - by developing the harmonic series expansion method. In 1969 he published the basic treatise on mathematical methods of pole figure inversion "Mathematische Methoden der Texturanalyse". The extended and revised English edition of this book was published in 1982 under the title "Texture Analysis in Materials Science". It is still considered the comprehensive standard handbook in this field of materials science. He was fond of bringing his expertise to the world. It had been a tradition of his institute for many years to organize annual workshops on texture analysis and related topics. He is the author or editor of 10 more books on quantitative texture analysis and on anisotropic materials properties. He has published more than 450 contributions to scientific journals and conference proceedings. From 1986 to 2003, Hans-Joachim Bunge was the editor of the journal "Textures and Microstructures". Since 1978, he was member of the International Committee of ICOTOM. From 1985 to 2004, he was the speaker of the Special Committee for Textures of the German Society of Materials (FA Texturen der DGM).
In recognition of his scientific achievements in materials science, Hans-Joachim Bunge received a number of honors. He was awarded, for instance, the degree of a Doctor Honorary of the University of Metz (France) in 1979, the degree of a Professor Honorary of the Beijing Polytechnic University (China) in 1993, the Honorary Membership of the Czech Metal Science Society in 1995, and the Honorary Membership of the Texture Society of India in 2000. In 2003, he received the Carl-Hermann Medal of the German Society for Crystallography.
His life was committed to science. Even within his activities he always had time for students and his colleagues. He still had many plans for the future, both at work and personal. Hans-Joachim Bunge was an affable, mild-mannered man of a uniformly cheerful and gentle disposition. His loss will be grievously felt by a large circle of friends and associates.

Robert Schwarzer, TU Clausthal

^{Table of Contents}

1. Lectures of the Honorary Colloquium
Texture and Microstructure Imaging by the Moving Area Detector Method A. Preusser, H. Klein and H.J. Bunge	3
On the Use of Texture Analysis and Orientation Stereology to Investigate Polycrystalline Materials F. Wagner, M. Humbert, M.J. Philippe and C. Esling	15
Texture in Hot Extruded, Hot Rolled and Laser Welded Magnesium Base Alloys R.A. Schwarzer	23
The Goss Texture Formation in Silicon Steels - Growth Selection or Oriented Nucleation? S. Zaefferer and N. Chen	29
2. Methods of Texture Analysis and Internal Stresses
Advances in Automatic TEM Based Orientation Mapping J.J. Fundenberger, A. Morawiec and E. Bouzy	37
Residual Strain Parameters Determinable from a CBED Pattern A. Morawiec	43
Local Orientation Measurements in 3D D.J. Jensen	49
In Situ Texture Analysis Using Hard X-Rays H.G. Brokmeier, S.B. Yi, N.J. Park and J. Homeyer	55
Residual Strain and Texture Measurements Using Neutron-TOF-Diffraction on a Dolomite-Anhydrite Rock and a Quartz-Dunite Compound C. Scheffzük, K. Walther, A. Frischbutter, F. Eichhorn and M.R. Daymond	61
EPSILON-MDS - A Neutron Time-of-Flight Diffractometer for Strain Measurements K. Walther, A. Frischbutter, C. Scheffzük, M. Korobshenko, F. Levshanovski, A. Kirillov, N. Astachova and S. Mureshkevich	67
Texture Analysis with Area Detectors K. Helming and U. Preckwinkel	71
Study of Error Distribution in Measured Pole Figures D.I. Nikolayev, T.A. Lychagina, A.V. Nikishin and V.V. Yudin	77
Use of Neutron Diffraction for Describing Texture of Isostatically-Pressed Molybdite Powders H. Sitepu and H.G. Brokmeier	83
Distribution of Dislocation Density in Tubes from Zr-Based Alloys by X-Ray Data M. Isaenkova and Yu. Perlovich	89
Reaction Stresses among the Grains during Tensile Deformation of Polycrystalline Metals W.M. Mao, L. Chen, P. Yang and Y. Yu	95
Texture Control in Manufacturing of ULSI Devices K.J. Kozaczek	101
Determination of Grain-Orientation-Dependent Stress in Coatings Y.D. Wang, R. Lin Peng, J. Almer, M. Odén, Y.D. Liu and L. Zuo	107
On the Calculation of the Eshelby Tensor and the Beauty of our Nature S. Matthies and G.W. Vinel	113
3. Textures due to Recrystallization or Phase Transformation
Crystallographic Relationships between FCC and BCC Crystals: A Study Using EBSD Techniques Y. He, S. Godet, P.J. Jacques and J.J. Jonas	121
Microtexture Analysis in Correlation with HCP Textured Regions Observed in a Forged Near Alpha Titanium Alloy P. Bocher, M. Jahazi, L. Germain, P. Wanjara, N. Gey and M. Humbert	127
Variant Selection in Zr Alloys: How Many Variants Generated from one Beta Grain? P. Barberis, F. Montheillet and C. Chauvy	133
Crystallographic Phase Composition and Structural Analysis of Ti-Ni-Fe Shape Memory Alloy by Synchrotron Diffraction H. Sitepu, H.G. Brokmeier, D. Chateigner and J.P. Wright	139
Variant Orientation Distribution in a Near-? Ti-Al Alloy with a Lamellar Microstructure S.R. Dey, A. Morawiec, J.J. Fundenberger, A. Hazotte and E. Bouzy	145
Texture Evolution In Fe-1%Si as a Function of High Magnetic Field T.A. Bennett, R.A. Jaramillo, D.E. Laughlin, J.B. Wilgen, R. Kisner, G. Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G.M. Ludtka, P.N. Kalu and A.D. Rollett	151
Local Orientation Gradient and Recrystallization of Deformed Copper D.P. Field, M.M. Nowell, P. Trivedi, S.I. Wright and T.M. Lillo	157
Grain Boundary Character and Pinning Effect during Grain Growth of Two-Phase Alloys S. Guessasma and N. Rouag	163
Electric Field Annealing of 3104 Aluminium Alloy Sheets: Evolution of Microstructure and Texture Z.C. Hu, Y.D. Zhang, X. Zhao, L. Zuo, F. Wang and C. Esling	169
Neutron Diffraction Texture Analysis of Grain-Oriented Steel Sheets S. Vratislav, M. Dlouhá and L. Kalvoda	175
The Influence of Texture and GBCD on Stress Corrosion and Intergranular Corrosion in 2024 Aluminium Alloy B. Wu, J. Shi, Y.D. Zhang, Y. Wang, L. Zuo and C. Esling	181
Calculation of Magnetization and Phase Equilibrium in Fe-C Binary System under a Magnetic Field Y.D. Zhang, C.S. He, X. Zhao, Y.D. Wang, L. Zuo and C. Esling	187
4. Deformation Textures
Deformation Textures in FCC Metals Subjected to Frictional and to Abrasive Wear R.A. Schwarzer	195
Influence of Starting Textures on the Development of Texture and Microstructure during Large Strain Hot Rolling of Pure Magnesium T. Al-Samman and G. Gottstein	201
Regular Substructure Inhomogeneity of Textured Materials by the Example of Rolled Ti-Ni Single Crystals Yu. Perlovich, M. Isaenkova, V. Fesenko and H.J. Bunge	207
Effect of the 0.1% Sc Addition on the Texture Development and Mechanical Properties in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Mn Alloy N.J. Park, S.J. Jin, C.W. Jea, S.T. Lim, Y.Y. Lee and D.S. Chung	213
Dislocation Activity and Slip Analysis Contributing to Grain Boundary Sliding and Damage during Thermomechanical Fatigue in Dual Shear Lead-Free Solder Joint Specimens A.U. Telang and T.R. Bieler	219
The Effect of Texture on the Serrated Flow in Peak-Aged 2090 Al-Li Alloy Y.Z. Shen, K.H. Oh and D.N. Lee	227
Cross-Sectional Texture Gradients in Interstitial Free Steels Processed by Accumulated Roll Bonding A.C.C. Reis and L. Kestens	233
Microstructure and Texture of Shear Bands in Cold Rolled Silicon Steel Single Crystals of Goss Orientation D. Dorner and S. Zaefferer	239
A Sharp Cube Texture in Warm Rolled and Subsequently Annealed Silver Sheet Z.R. Zhang and K. Sekine	245
Simulation of Deformation Texture Evolution Using an Intermediate Model S. Ahzi and S. M'Guil	251
Effect of Cooling Condition after Warm Rolling on the Development of Microstructure and Texture in an ELC Steel A. Haldar, R.K. Ray and A.J. Khan	259
A Rapid Deformation Texture Model Incorporating Grain Interactions: Application to Aluminium Hot Rolling Textures W. Robert, D. Piot, G. Guiglionda and J. Driver	265
A New Perspective on the Mathematical Modeling of Highly Non-Linear Anisotropic Plastic Flows in a Heterogeneous Solid W. Tong	271
Correlation of Texture and Plastic Anisotropy in the Al-Mg Alloy AA 5005 O. Engler and Y. An	277
Modeling Texture Evolution during Rolling of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 T. Walde and H. Riedel	285
Texture Development in Nd-Fe-V and Nd-Fe-B Alloys by Hot Forging in View of Improving Permanent Magnet Properties S. Rivoirard, I. Popa, D. Chateigner, B. Ouladdiaf, P. de Rango and D. Fruchart	291
Texture Investigations of Zircaloy-4 Tubes by Neutron Diffraction M. Dlouhá, S. Vratislav and L. Kalvoda	297
Shear Texture Formation during High-Strain Torsion of Titanium Aluminides G.H. Cao, B. Klöden, C.G. Oertel, W. Skrotzki , U. Garbe, E. Rybacki and H.G. Brokmeier	303
Microstructure and Texture in Copper Sheets after Reverse and Cross Rolling M. Ostafin, J. Pospiech and R.A. Schwarzer	309
Texture and Microstructure Evolution during Cold Swaging and Recrystallization of Oligocrystalline INCOLOY^® MA 956 M.F. Hupalo, A.F. Padilha and H.R.Z. Sandim	315
Local and Global Effects in Texture and Microstructure Observed after Channel-Die Compression of Copper Single Crystals and after Cross-Rolling of Copper Sheets J. Pospiech, Z. Jasienski, M. Ostafin and R.A. Schwarzer	321
Texture Gradient in ECAP Copper Measured by Synchrotron Radiation W. Skrotzki , N. Scheerbaum, C.G. Oertel, H.G. Brokmeier, S. Suwas and L.S. Tóth	327
Pure Ni Single Crystal of Cube Orientation Deformed by Equal Channel Angular Extrusion D. Goran, J.J. Fundenberger, S. Suwas, E. Bouzy, L.S. Tóth, W. Skrotzki and T. Grosdidier	333
Rolling Texture of ECAP Processed Al and Cu J. Kusnierz	339
Texture Evolution in FCC Metals during Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) as a Function of Stacking Fault Energy S. Suwas, L.S. Tóth, J.J. Fundenberger, T. Grosdidier and W. Skrotzki	345
Oblique Cube Texture Formation in High Purity Aluminium during Equal Channel Angular Pressing W. Skrotzki , N. Scheerbaum, C.G. Oertel, H.G. Brokmeier, S. Suwas and L.S. Tóth	351
Texture Evolution in Commercially Pure Al during Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) as a Function of Processing Routes S. Suwas, L.S. Tóth, J.J. Fundenberger and A. Eberhardt	357
Strain Localization Observed during Shearing of Some Aluminium Alloys and Texture Softening Predicted by FC Taylor and Advanced Lamel Model X. Hu, M. Gaspérini and P. Van Houtte	363
Simulating the Temper Rolling of Galvanized Steel G. Vincent, C. Counhaye and C. Esling	371
5. Textures in Thin Films, Anisotropic Properties
Quantifying Domain Textures in Lead Zirconate Titanate Using 022, 202 and 220 Diffraction Peaks T. Key, J.L. Jones, W.F. Shelley and K.J. Bowman	379
Combined Analysis of Bi2223 Superconducting Bulk Materials E. Guilmeau, D. Chateigner, J. Noudem and B. Ouladdiaf	385
Effects of Dielectric Roughness on Texture of Both PVD Seed Layers and EP Copper K.J. Kozaczek, C.E. Murray and K.P. Rodbell	391
Texture Transition in Ag-Pd Alloy Substrate for Superconducting Tapes Z.R. Zhang and K. Sekine	397
Micro-Diffraction Studies of the Evolution of Textures in CVD-Grown Diamond Films J. te Nijenhuis, M.J. Fransen and J.H.A. Vasterink	403
Temperature Dependence of the Texture of Sm-Co Thin Films R. Tamm, A. Singh, V. Neu, K. Subba Rao, W. Skrotzki , C.G. Oertel, S. Leinert, S. Fähler, L. Schultz and B. Holzapfel	409
Aluminium Matrix Texture and Particle Characterization in Al-Al₃Ti FGMs Produced by a Centrifugal Solid-Particle Method P.D. Sequeira, Y. Watanabe and L.A. Rocha	415
Texture Analysis of CVD Free-Standing Diamond Films L. Chen, W.M. Mao, H.P. Feng and F.X. Lu	421
Texture Measurements of Hydroxyapatite Crystallites at Bone-Implant Interfaces in Sheep Tibia A. Benmarouane, T.C. Hansen, P. Millet and A. Lodini	427
Growth Mechanism of Biaxially Aligned Magnesium Oxide Deposited by Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering P. Ghekiere, S. Mahieu, G. De Winter, R. De Gryse, D. Depla and O.I. Lebedev	433
Texture Analysis of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Foils L. Kalvoda, M. Dlouhá, S. Vratislav, R. Lukás and M. Gilbert	439
Biaxially Aligned Yttria Stabilized Zirconia and Titanium Nitride Layers Deposited by Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering S. Mahieu, P. Ghekiere, G. De Winter, R. De Gryse, D. Depla and O.I. Lebedev	447
Textured YBaCuO Films Enhanced by Cold Rolling and Melt Growth Process in Low Oxygen Partial Pressure J. Wang, N. Maloufi, X.X. Xue, Z.G. Fan and C. Esling	453
Textures of Ferroelectric BLT Films for Semiconductor Memories by Electron Backscatter Diffraction and Piezo-Response Force Microscope B. Yang, N.J. Park, S.J. Kim and S.K. Hong	459
Three-Dimensional Microstructure of Thin Copper Foils Revealed by Ion Beam Cutting and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) G. Simons, K. Kunze, W. Hauffe and J. Dual	465
Author Index	471
Keyword Index	475